First Aid

First Aid

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FIRST AID. Group: 4ºESO                                        

First Aid, as its name suggests, is the actions that are initially taken when there is an accident or an unexpected illness, in that same place, until specialist help arrives.

The main objective when giving First Aid is to avoid making the injuries worse.

We could talk about many of them, but we are going to describe the most frequent and easiest to learn.
VOCABULARY:

Burns: Quemaduras.                                  stuck:atascado

Swelling:hinchazón                                    blister:ampolla

harmless:inofensivo                                   to pinch:pellizcar

flow:flujo,circulación                                  to wrap: envolver

to tilt: inclinar                                           to cough:toser

choke:asfixia                                            to swallow:tragar 

knocked out:quedarse sin conocimiento                                          
swelling:hinchazón                                     sprain:esguince,torcedura
limb sticking out:miembros que sobresalen
 bruising:hematoma,moratón                       spurt:chorro
 to soak:empapar                                        scar:cicatriz
to heal:cicatrizar                                         breastbone:esternón
shoulderblade:omóplato                                ribcage:tórax
fist:puño                                                    belly button:ombligo
scooping movement: movimiento de cuchara

1. BURNS.

Burns from fire or other sources of heat range from mild to life threatening. Some burns can be treated at home; others need emergency medical care.

What to do?

1. Remove clothing from the burned areas. Do not remove clothing that is stuck to the skin and don’t break blisters.
2. If it’s a first- or second- degree burn, run cool (not cold) water over the burn until the pain lessens. Do not put butter, oil or ice on burns.
3. Lightly apply a  bandage if it’s a small first –degree burn.
4. Remove jewellery that’s close to the burn.

Types of burns:

1. First-degree burns, usually caused by brief contact with heat, can cause redness, pain and some swelling.
2. Second-degree burns are more severe and usually result in blisters and more intense redness.
3. Third-degree burns are the deepest and may be painless due to nerve damage.

2. Nose bleeding.

Although nosebleeds are usually harmless and easily controlled, it may look like a gallon of blood is coming from your nose! Try not to worry — nosebleeds are almost always easy to stop. 
What to do?

Try these simple tips to stop your nosebleed:

1. Sit or stand so your head is above your heart forward so the blood drains from the nose.

2. Get them to breathe through their mouth and pinch the soft part of their nose below the bridge for 10 minutes.
3. Applying pressure helps stop the blood flow and the nosebleed will usually stop with 10 full minutes of steady pressure — don't keep checking to see if the bleeding has stopped.

4. Apply a cold compress, such as ice wrapped in a cloth or paper towel, to the area around the nose. Applying pressure with a cotton pad inside the upper lip may also help.

5. If you get a nosebleed, don't blow your nose. Doing so can cause additional nosebleeds. Also, don't tilt your head back. This common practice will cause blood to run into your throat. This can make you cough or choke, and if you swallow a lot of blood, you might feel sick.

6. If you've tried the steps above twice and the bleeding continues after 10 minutes, you'll need to see a doctor. 

3.FALLS.

What to do? 
1. If the child’s knocked out, even if it’s not for a long time, cover their body with a blanket to reduce the chances of them going into shock.
2. Look for signs of a fractured skull such as unequal pupils in their eyes, bleeding from the ear or clear fluid running from the nose.
3. Check for swelling or limbs sticking out at an unusual angle. If you think a bone is broken, keep it still while you wait for an ambulance but wrap it with towels to support it.

4. STRAIN AND SPRAIN.
What to do? 
If you think your child has sprained their wrist or ankle or strained a muscle, follow the “RICE” procedure:
1. R: It is for rest, so get the child to sit or lie down.

2. I :It is for ice. Wrap some ice in a towel and put on the sore area for ten minutes. This reduces pain and bruising.
3. C: It is for compress. Put a bandage on tightly and firmly, but not too tight that it stops the blood flow.
4. E: It is for elevation. Keep the injured area up high to slow blood flow to the injury which reduces swelling and bruising.

5.CUTS AND WOUNDS.

Most cuts can be safely treated at home. Deeper cuts, or any wounds that won’t stop bleeding, need emergency medical treatment.

Vein or Artery?

Blood from an artery flows quickly and in spurts and is bright red. Blood from a vein flows evenly and is dark red.

WHAT TO DO?

If the cut is severe and you can’t get to a hospital right away or must wait for an ambulance, begin this treatment.

1. See if there is an object stuck in the wound. If there is no object you can;

2. Apply pressure to the cut with sterile gauze, a bandage or a clean cloth.
3. If blood soaks through, place another bandage over the first and continue applying pressure.
4. Raise the injures body part to slow bleeding, but don’t apply a tourniquet.
5. To minimize scarring, apply sunblock daily once the wound has fully healed.

6.CHOKING.

If your child is choking, they might go quiet because they can’t breathe or they might cough violently. If they can’t rid the object by coughing do the following:

1. Look to see if there is an object stuck, but only take it out if you think you can get it without pushing it further down.
2. If not, do the following:

-For kids under 12 months:

• *Put the baby over your arm and hit them on the back, make sure you support their head and neck.
• * If it doesn’t work, turn the baby onto their back and put their head in your hand. With two fingertips, push inwards and upwards against the breastbone five times. Do this every three second and look in the mouth each time. If you see something, pick it out, if not, carry on.
• -For Kids older than 12 months:
• Put the child over your knee and hit them on the back, between the shoulder blades, five times with the palm of your hand.
• -For children old enough to stand by themselves.
• *Stand behind them and place your fist between the belly button and bottom of ribcage.
• *Cut your fist with your other hand and pull sharply in and upwards in a scooping movement. Do up five times. This is known as the HEIMLICH MANOEUVRE.
• If this doesn’t work, do the five hits on their back followed by the five hits on their front three more times.
• *Call an ambulance if it hasn’t worked and carry on doing it until the ambulance.
  
  
  Click here:Safety
  Link:First aid activities.  
  Link:First aid QUIZ
  Link:Activities on line
  1.First aid Kit Matching (activities on line)
  2.First aid kit.Word search(activities on line)
  3.First aid Kit.Hangman.
  4. First aid kit.Listening
  5. Listening:Choking
  6.Listening:Nosebleeds
  Link: Manual de primeros auxilios 
  Link:Printable activity 
  
  HOMEWORK
   
  

  FIRST AID QUESTIONS

  
  

  Name:…...............................................................................................

  
  

  *Look for information and answer the following questions.

  
  

  1.What can a rescuer do to help a victim in shock?

  a.Give the victim some water

  b.Elevate the victim's feet

  c.Cover the victim with a blanket

  d.Both,b and c.

  2.What should never be placed in a burn?

  a.Aloe

  b.Water

  c.Cocoa butter

  d.Dry sterile dressing

  3.Which of the following is not a sign of shock?

  a.Fast pulse

  b.Slow pulse

  c.Sweating

  d.Rapid breathing

  4.When performing chest compressions on an adult how far should you press down?

  a. 2-3 cm (approx 1 inch)
  b. 5-6 cm (2-2.5 inches)
  c. 6-8 cm (2.5-3 inches)
  d.cm (3.5 inches)

  5.Under which of the following should a full face helmet be removed?

  a.Difficulty breathing
  b.Vomiting
  c.Whenever there are more than one first aider
  d.If suspect back injury
  6.Which two of the following should you do for a bruise?
  a. Raise the injured part
  b.Keep the injured part below the height of the chest
  c.Apply a cold compress
  d. Use a hair drier to warm the injury
  
  7.If a clear fluid or watery blood comes from the nose or an ear what would you suspect?
  a.A broken nose
  b.A Skull Fracture
  c. Bleeding from the lungs
  8.What should be done for a firmly embedded foreign object in a wound?
  a.Remove as soon as possible
  b. Leave in place and seek further medical attention
  c.Remove after 10 minutes
  9.How should a casualty be positioned after being rescued from drowning?
  a.The head is higher than their chest
  b.The head is level with their chest
  c.The head is lower than their chest
  
  10.In the event of a chemical burn to the eye,what is the minimum length of time that the eye should be under running water?